Tuesday, February 8, 2011

"...injustice ... is no perversion of the system, it is the system."

My nominee for quote of the day is from George Monbiot's column in today's Guardian that exposes the UK government's plan for a very big corporate income tax reduction at the same time as it plans big budget cuts:
Reading Treasure Islands, I have realised that injustice of the kind described in this column is no perversion of the system; it is the system.
Monbiot's columns are a great combination of facts, analysis, and what Ralph Nader calls the state of "controlled indignation" in the face of injustice that everyone should have. 

George Monbiot

To see an assessment of the analysis, see tax expert Richard Murphy's comments on Monbiot's column in his interesting blog at Tax Research UK.

RH 

PS: For a footnoted version of Monbiot's column, see his blog, also linked on this page.

Monday, February 7, 2011

Thought-provoking books about economics

Global Foresight Books provides an interesting list of books about economics and economic issues. Some are modern classics, some are obscure. I found some things for my 'to read' list and perhaps you will too.

RH

Saturday, February 5, 2011

Why doesn't Forbes publish the real list of the world's richest people?


  A report in The Guardian yesterday entitled "Mubarak family fortune could reach $70 bn, say experts" should not have been surprising -- after all, decades spent looting a big country like Egypt could plausibly produce sums like the $40-70bn mentioned in the article. Apparently dictators in the nearby Gulf states have amassed similar sums for themselves and their families while 'serving' as heads of state.
  Still, I did experience some surprise as I saw the astronomical figure in print. If true, it would make Mubarak and his two sons likely richer than Carlos Slim Helu, officially crowned last year as the "World's Richest Man" by Forbes Magazine with about $54 bn.
  The Forbes list, widely reported by a fawning corporate media, purports to offer a list of the world's richest people, but it does no such thing. You will look in vain in the list for Mubarak and his spawn. Thea list is offered for public consumption for propaganda purposes. The names selected are clearly intended to give the impression that the vast fortunes accumulated by these people are legitimate, largely the products of hard work, inventions, entrepreneurship and clever decisions. (For many of the names on the list, such an impression would not survive a few minutes of research given the extent of crony capitalism and corruption, but I won't digress...)
  Absent from the phony Forbes list are the names of the looting 'kings', 'princes', 'sultans' and other dictators (and ex-dictators) with their billions. Once, I vaguely remember, the Forbes list at least contained a footnote mentioning that heads of state and suchlike were omitted, but I can't even find that fine print now. (Here is a brief statement of their 'methodology'.) The only exception I can see is Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Al Saud, of Saudi Arabia, nephew of the current king, whose billions are laughably described as "self-made".
   The reason for the self-censored list is obvious. It's not just that the amount they've stolen or otherwise acquired through their kleptocratic rule is hard to estimate with any precision. Putting a crowd of these unsavory types at the head of the list and sprinkling them down through it would seriously undermine the cult of Wealth Worship that is supported by the Forbes list and the echo chamber that surrounds it.
   Worse still, it might prompt questions about the role of American, British, Swiss and other banks in the thievery and corporate corruption that feeds these fortunes as well as the policies of 'Western' governments that (at best) turn a blind eye to it all, and, at worst, connive in it. That wouldn't do at all.

RH

Postscript (24 Feb.)
When Mubarak finally was shown the door I saw a report in The Telegraph in which anonymous "Western intelligence sources" were quoted as claiming that he used his final days in office to "place his assets beyond the reach of potential investigators". "If he had real money in Zurich, it may be gone by now", says their source. When the Swiss government moved to freeze his assets, it was merely closing the barn door after the horse had departed, as they surely knew. Now they've just done the same for Gaddafi's funds.
  It's clear that governments turn a blind eye when it suits them (that is, most of the time). But reports like this in The Telegraph also suggest that governments also know fairly well what's going on in the supposedly secret world of banking services being supplied to looters like the Mubaraks.

Friday, February 4, 2011

"... we have to democratise our own societies..."

While everyone watches to see whether Egyptians will be able to achieve some real democratic opening in the face of the U.S. and 'Western'-backed military regime, this excellent column in The Independent by Johann Hari ("We all helped suppress the Egyptians. So how do we change?", 4 Feb.) points out that we need more democracy at home. It's an easy point to miss if you've been properly indoctrinated by our education system.

In happier days

  The power of business and elite interests in shaping foreign and domestic policy is systematically swept under the rug in the training of economics students. So it should come as a shock to read Mr Hari's quote of a former Labour MP saying (approvingly!) that "public opinion does not influence foreign policy in Britain. Foreign policy is an elite issue." (I think the same thing could be said about the United States and Canada and many other places.) As Mr Hari puts it, foreign policy "is formulated in the interests of big business and their demand for access to resources, and influential sectional interest groups." He concludes
It doesn't have to be like this. We could make our governments as moral as we, the British people, are in our everyday lives. We could stop them trampling on the weak, and fattening thugs. But to achieve it, we have to democratise our own societies and claim control of our foreign policy. 
   It would not only be control of foreign policy, either. As we write in The Economics Anti-Textbook, "How governments behave depends on the strength of the country's democracy. Where democracy is weak and the power of big business is strong, governments can be expected often to act against the interests of the vast majority of the population."

RH

Saturday, January 29, 2011

Dan Ariely on how people really make choices

The economics textbook story of 'rational choice' is both simplistic and complex. The simplistic part is found in the assumptions underlying rational choice. These include such things as the assumption that we have relatively stable and well-defined preferences about all the goods and services available to us and that we can make consistent choices that, given the resources at our disposal, allow us to maximize our utility or well-being. It's fair to call this simplistic because it ignores so much of what is known about how people actually make choices.
   The complexity of the textbook story is also evident to the student: the apparatus of indifference curves and budget lines, done in two dimensions on the blackboard, then mathematically in n dimensions (for n different goods), and later extended from choices made in one period of time to choices made over time as well, possibly into an infinite future. The technical complexity helps keep students focussed on mastering that; it's easy to forget to ask the broader questions of whether the entire framework is appropriate. After enough time working within this framework, it starts to look like the natural way to see things. People who see things in other ways are in other departments and disciplines like psychology, and contact with them is soon lost. This is part of how the process of indoctrination works.
   However, the good news is that in recent decades more and more economists have been paying attention to what psychologists know. My impression is that they're still a fairly small minority, but a growing one. To date, their work has had only a minor impact on the mainstream textbook content and students wanting a broader view will have to do some work on their own.
   The recent books by Dan Ariely of Duke University ("Predictably Irrational", 2008 and "The Upside of Irrationality", 2010) are a good place to start.


To get a flavour of their content, here are a couple of talks by him from FORA.tv:
(a) a talk on "Predictably Irrational": http://fora.tv/2008/03/04/Dan_Ariely_Predictably_Irrational
(b) a talk on "The Upside of Irrationality": http://fora.tv/2010/06/07/Dan_Ariely_The_Upside_of_Irrationality

He has also given talks at TED:
http://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_ariely.html

RH